Dog owners may become alarmed when they discover a lump on their dog’s neck. While some lumps may be benign, others signify a more severe health issue. It is crucial to monitor any lumps or bumps on your dog and seek veterinary attention if necessary.
If your spot lumps on your dog’s neck, it’s best to switch to a harness instead of a collar to prevent further damage. It is important to note that not all lumps are cancerous, and early detection can significantly improve your pet’s prognosis.
Depending on the lump’s size, location, and appearance, a veterinarian may recommend a biopsy or other diagnostic tests to determine the cause and appropriate treatment. We have drawn from the book Atlas for the Diagnosis of Tumors in the Dog and Cat and neck lump medical sources for an extensive analysis of lumps on a dog’s neck.
So, Why Does My Dog Have A Lump On His Neck?
A lump on a dog’s neck can be caused by various things, including abscesses, lipomas, cysts, tumors, and enlarged lymph nodes. Although lumps can be benign, they can also be a sign of a more severe condition. It is essential to take the dog to the vet for an evaluation to determine the cause of the lump.
It can be concerning when a dog owner discovers a lump on their dog’s neck. Not only are they uncomfortable for the dog, they are potentially life-threatening. Neck tumors also affect a dog’s everyday life, including their eating habits, by reducing appetite and possibly causing choking.
It is important to note that not all lumps on a dog’s neck are cancerous. However, any lump that does not go away or continues to grow should be evaluated by a veterinarian. Early detection and treatment of soft tissue sarcoma can improve the dog’s chances of a positive outcome.
Identifying a Lump on Your Dog’s Neck
If you notice a lump on your dog’s neck, it’s essential to identify it as soon as possible. Here are some things to look for when identifying a lump on your dog’s neck.
Physical Characteristics
When identifying a lump on your dog’s neck, it’s important to pay attention to its physical characteristics. Here are some things to look for:
- Size: Is the lump small or large?
- Shape: Is the lump round or irregularly shaped?
- Texture: Is the lump hard, soft, or doughy?
- Color: Is the lump the same color as the surrounding skin, or is it a different color? Different colored red lumps may be blood blisters, which we’ve covered in our linked article.
- Location: Is the lump under the skin or in the skin?
Behavioral Changes
In addition to physical characteristics, you should also pay attention to any behavioral changes in your dog. Here are some things to look for:
- Signs of pain: Is your dog showing any signs of pain, such as whining or limping?
- Heat: Is the lump warm to the touch?
- Painless: Is the lump painless, or does it seem to cause discomfort?
- Changes in appetite: Is your dog eating and drinking normally? Excessive drinking is often a sign of a cancerous tumor.
- Changes in activity level: Is your dog lethargic or more active than usual?
By paying attention to these physical characteristics and behavioral changes, you can help identify any lumps on your dog’s neck and determine whether they require veterinary attention. Remember to palpate the mass and feel for any signs of pain or discomfort, as well as whether the mass is hard, soft, or doughy.
Possible Causes of Neck Lumps in Dogs
Various factors, including injuries and tumors, can cause neck lumps in dogs. Here are some possible causes of neck lumps in dogs:
1. Lipomas and Liposarcomas
Lipomas are the most common type of benign soft tissue tumors found in dogs. Lipomas are benign tumors made up of fat cells and usually called fatty tumors. They are usually soft and moveable and can be found anywhere on the body, including the neck. They do not cause any pain or discomfort to the dog.
While lipomas are usually harmless, it’s vital to have them checked by a veterinarian to rule out the possibility of a more severe condition. A study by the Royal Veterinary College found that overweight and senior dogs are more likely to develop lipomas.
Lipomas can sometimes be confused with liposarcomas, which are malignant tumors that can grow in the same area. Liposarcomas are much less common than lipomas, but they are a more serious concern.
These tumors can invade surrounding tissues and organs, and they can spread to other parts of the body. Liposarcomas are usually firm, fixed, and irregularly shaped, and they may cause pain or discomfort to the dog.
2. Swollen Lymph Gland
Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures that are part of the immune system. Research shows reasons for lymphadenopathy include infections, inflammation, or cancer. These lumps can range in size from small pea-sized bumps to larger, more noticeable lumps. They may feel firm or soft to the touch, depending on the underlying cause.
Lymph nodes are part of the immune system and are responsible for filtering out harmful substances from the body. When a dog’s lymph nodes become swollen, it is often an indication that the immune system is fighting an infection or disease.
Symptoms of a swollen lymph gland on a dog’s neck may include:
- Lumps or bumps on the neck;
- Swelling or inflammation of the neck;
- Pain or discomfort when touched;
- Loss of appetite;
- Lethargy or weakness; and
- Fever.
In some cases, a swollen lymph gland on a dog’s neck may be a sign of a more serious condition, such as lymphoma.
4. Benign Fibroblastic Tumors
Benign fibroblastic tumors, also known as fibromas, are a common type of lump that can develop on a dog’s neck. These tumors are typically slow-growing and non-cancerous, and they are composed of fibrous tissue. Fibromas can occur in dogs of any age or breed, but they are more common in older dogs.
What Does it Look Like and Feel Like? Signs and Symptoms
Benign fibroblastic tumors usually appear as small, round lumps on the skin. They are typically firm to the touch and can vary in size. In some cases, they may be attached to the skin by a stalk or peduncle. Fibromas are usually painless and do not cause any symptoms, although they may become irritated or inflamed if they are rubbed or scratched.
Other Entities of Growths in the Skin
Skin tags, warts, and collagenous nevi are other types of benign skin growths that can occur on a dog’s neck.
Skin tags are small, soft growths that hang off the skin, while warts are rough, cauliflower-like growths that can appear anywhere on the body. Collagenous nevi are raised, pink or brown patches of skin that are composed of collagen fibers.
4. Scar Tissue
Scar tissue can develop on a dog’s neck following an injury or open stitches after surgery. Scar tissue is fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin tissue after an injury. It can feel firm, raised, and lumpy and typically appears after injury or surgery. The scar tissue may cause discomfort or pain to the dog.
If scar tissue is causing discomfort or pain, it is important to have it evaluated by a veterinarian. The veterinarian may recommend treatment options such as surgical removal or medication to manage pain and inflammation as part of wound care.
In some cases, scar tissue may be a sign of an underlying condition such as cancer. If the lump is rapidly growing or changing in size, shape, or texture, it is important to have it evaluated by a veterinarian as soon as possible.
5. Abscess and Cyst
An abscess is a pocket of pus that forms under the skin. They can be caused by a variety of things, including bites, scratches, and foreign objects. Abscesses are usually painful and can cause swelling and redness around the lump, and can be warm to the touch.
A cyst, on the other hand, is a fluid-filled, painless sac that can form under the skin. Cysts are usually painless and can be caused by various factors, including blocked oil glands, infections, and injuries. They can vary in size and may feel firm or soft to the touch.
If a dog has a lump on their neck that is painful, warm to the touch, and is accompanied by redness and swelling, it may be an abscess. If the lump is painless and feels like a fluid-filled sac, it may be a cyst.
6. Stings or Bites
If a dog has a lump on its neck, it could be due to a sting or bite from an insect or spider. Insects like bees, wasps, and ants, as well as spiders, can cause a reaction in dogs that can result in lumps or bumps on their skin. These lumps are often accompanied by redness, swelling, and itching.
In some cases, a dog may have an allergic reaction to the sting or bite, which can result in more severe symptoms. Signs of an allergic reaction may include difficulty breathing, vomiting, diarrhea, and collapse. If a dog is showing any of these symptoms, it’s important to seek veterinary care immediately.
To treat a lump caused by a sting or bite, it’s essential to first remove the stinger if it’s still in the skin. This can be done by gently scraping the area with a credit card or other flat object.
Applying a cold compress can also help to reduce swelling and alleviate discomfort, and rinse with water and a mild shampoo. If the lump is particularly large or painful, a veterinarian may prescribe medication to help manage the symptoms.
7. Basal Cell Carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma is a type of skin cancer that can occur in dogs. It is the most common type of skin cancer in humans and is also seen in dogs. This type of cancer arises from the basal cells, which are found in the deepest layer of the skin.
Signs and Symptoms
Basal cell carcinoma typically appears as a raised, firm, pink or white lump on the skin. It may have a shiny or pearly appearance and may bleed or ulcerate. The lump may be slow-growing and may not cause any pain or discomfort.
8. Blood Vessel Tumors
Blood vessel tumors are growths that form from the blood vessels in the neck. These tumors can be benign or malignant, and they can develop in any part of the body that contains blood vessels. Hemangiomas are the most common type of benign blood vessel tumor found in dogs.
Hemangiomas are usually small, red, raised lumps that are soft to the touch. They are often found on the skin or just under the skin and may bleed if they are irritated or injured.
Hemangiopericytomas are a type of malignant blood vessel tumor that can occur in the neck. These tumors are usually firm and do not move easily when touched. They may cause pain or discomfort and can grow quickly. Hemangiopericytomas are usually treated with surgery, radiation therapy, or a combination of both.
9. Histiocytic Cell Tumors
Histiocytic cell tumors are a type of cancer that can develop in dogs. They originate from histiocytes, which are cells that play a role in the immune system. There are different types of histiocytic cell tumors, including histiocytomas and malignant histiocytosis.
Histiocytomas are benign tumors that typically occur in younger dogs. They usually appear as small, raised lumps on the skin, often on the head, neck, or limbs. Histiocytomas usually resolve on their own within a few months, and surgical removal is usually not necessary.
Malignant histiocytosis, on the other hand, is a more aggressive form of cancer that can affect multiple organs, including the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes.
It is most commonly seen in Bernese Mountain Dogs and their mixes but can occur in other breeds as well. Signs and symptoms of malignant histiocytosis can include weight loss, lethargy, decreased appetite, and enlarged lymph nodes.
10. Mast Cell Tumors
Mast cell tumors are a type of skin cancer that can occur in dogs. These tumors are formed from mast cells, which are a type of white blood cell that plays a role in the immune system. Mast cell tumors can appear anywhere on the body, but they are most commonly found on the skin, particularly on the neck.
The signs and symptoms of mast cell tumors can vary depending on the location of the tumor and the stage of the cancer. In the early stages, the tumor may appear as a small, raised lump on the skin. The lump may be red or pink in color and may be itchy or painful to the touch. As the tumor grows, it may become more firm and may start to ulcerate or bleed.
11. Melanoma
Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that can affect dogs. It can occur in any part of the body, but it is more common in areas with less hair, such as the nose, lips, eyelids, and ears. Melanoma can also appear as a lump on the neck of a dog.
Melanoma can be difficult to detect in the early stages. It may appear as a small, dark lump on the dog’s neck. As the tumor grows, it may become raised and may change in color. In some cases, the lump may be ulcerated or bleeding. Dogs with melanoma may also show signs of pain or discomfort, such as difficulty eating or breathing.
12. Smooth Muscle Tumors of the Skin
Smooth muscle tumors of the skin are a relatively rare type of tumor that can develop in dogs. These tumors are typically benign, but they can occasionally be malignant. They are most commonly found in older dogs, although they can occur in dogs of any age.
The tumors are typically small and firm, and they can be either solitary or multiple. They are usually located on the trunk or limbs, but they can occur anywhere on the body. In rare cases, they can be located in the mouth or throat.
Smooth muscle tumors of the skin can be difficult to diagnose, as they can be mistaken for other types of tumors or skin conditions. A biopsy is usually required to confirm the diagnosis.
13. Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Soft tissue sarcoma is a type of cancer that can develop in the connective tissues of the body. This includes muscles, tendons, fat, and blood vessels. Soft tissue sarcoma can also develop in the neck area of dogs, and it may present as a lump on the neck.
The lump caused by soft tissue sarcoma may be soft or firm to the touch, and it may be painful or painless. It may also be slow-growing or fast-growing. In some cases, the lump may be accompanied by other symptoms, such as difficulty breathing, difficulty swallowing, and weight loss.
14. Sebaceous Gland Tumors
Sebaceous gland tumors are one of the most common types of skin tumors found in dogs. These tumors are also known as sebaceous adenomas or sebaceous cysts.
Sebaceous gland tumors are typically found on the head, neck, and trunk of dogs. They can appear as small, raised, pink, or white bumps on the skin surface. They may also be hairless, scaly, or ulcerated. In some cases, they can grow larger and become more noticeable.
Sebaceous gland tumors are usually not painful, but they may cause some discomfort if they become infected or inflamed. They may also cause itching or irritation in some dogs. If you notice any unusual lumps or bumps on your dog’s skin, it is vital to have them examined by a veterinarian.
15. Enlarged Thyroid as a Possible Cause of Neck Lumps in Dogs
An enlarged thyroid, although not an extremely common occurrence in dogs, can potentially be one of the factors contributing to the development of a noticeable lump on a dog’s neck. The thyroid gland is an essential part of the endocrine system, located in the neck, which regulates metabolism by releasing hormones. Enlargement of this gland may be palpable and visibly present as a lump.
Possible Reasons for Thyroid Enlargement
- Goiter: A goiter refers to an enlarged thyroid gland and can result from various conditions, including iodine deficiency, inflammation, or tumors. This is often non-cancerous but still demands veterinary attention to determine the underlying cause and to manage the condition effectively.
- Thyroid Tumors: Thyroid tumors are another possibility and are more common in older dogs. These tumors can either be benign (adenomas) or malignant (carcinomas). The latter, unfortunately, tend to be invasive and may metastasize to other parts of the body.
- Hyperthyroidism: While hyperthyroidism, characterized by an overactive thyroid, is rare in dogs and more commonly diagnosed in cats, it still warrants mentioning as it could result in gland enlargement.
Signs and Symptoms
When a dog has an enlarged thyroid, aside from the palpable lump, you might observe other symptoms such as:
- Changes in appetite (either increased or decreased);
- Weight changes (unexplained weight loss or gain);
- Behavioral changes (such as increased irritability or anxiety);
- A hoarse bark;
- Difficulty breathing or swallowing; and
- Coughing.
Diagnostic Procedures For Dog Neck Lumps
Physical Examination
The veterinarian will palpate the lump to determine if it is firm or soft and if it is attached to the skin or underlying tissues. They may also check the dog’s lymph nodes to see if they are enlarged.
Laboratory Tests
If the veterinarian suspects an infection, they may recommend a bacterial culture and sensitivity test to identify the specific bacteria causing the infection and determine the best course of treatment.
Imaging
An ultrasound may be used to evaluate the lump and surrounding tissues, as well as to check for any abnormalities in the dog’s internal organs. In some cases, a biopsy may be recommended to obtain a sample of the lump for further testing.
It is important to note that the diagnostic procedures used will depend on the individual case and the veterinarian’s assessment of the dog’s overall health. The veterinarian may recommend additional tests or procedures as necessary to help diagnose the lump on the dog’s neck.
Treatment Options
In some cases, a veterinarian may prescribe medication or surgery to treat a lump on a dog’s neck.
Medications
This may include antibiotics to treat an infection, anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce swelling and pain, or chemotherapy to treat cancerous tumors. The type of medication prescribed will depend on the underlying cause of the lump and the severity of the condition.
Surgery
If the lump on the dog’s neck is large or causing discomfort, surgery may be necessary to remove it. This may involve a simple excision or more complex surgery to remove the affected tissue.
The veterinarian will perform a thorough examination and recommend the best course of action based on the size, location, and type of lump.
Note that a study of 56 cases of neck lumps found that the only factor significantly associated with survival time was the type of surgery performed. Interestingly, it also found that tumor size and location did not significantly influence survival time.
Alternative Therapies
In addition to traditional treatments, there are alternativ-e-archive therapies that may be effective in treating a lump on a dog’s neck.
These may include acupuncture, herbal remedies, cryotherapy (freezing the lump with liquid nitrogen), or homeopathic treatments. While there is limited scientific evidence to support the effectiveness of these therapies, some pet owners may find them helpful in managing their dog’s condition.
Preventive Measures For Neck Lumps in Dogs
Following preventive measures can help ensure your dog’s health and prevent the development of dog lumps on the neck. Here are a few things you can do to get ahead of the lumps.
Regular Check-ups
To prevent dog lumps on the neck, it is important to take your dog for regular veterinary check-ups. During these check-ups, the vet will examine your dog’s neck and other parts of its body to detect any lumps or other abnormalities. Early detection can help prevent the development of serious health issues.
Healthy Lifestyle
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is also important for preventing dog lumps on neck. This includes providing your dog with a healthy diet and regular exercise. A balanced diet and exercise can help strengthen your dog’s immune system, making it less susceptible to health problems.
Additionally, it is important to keep your dog clean and groomed. Regular grooming can help prevent skin infections and other health issues. It is also important to protect your dog from environmental toxins and other harmful substances.
When to Consult a Veterinarian
If a lump is found on a dog’s neck, it is important to always consult a veterinarian. While not all lumps are cancerous, some may be, and early detection is key to successful treatment. In addition, some lumps may indicate underlying health issues that require medical attention.
Here are some signs that indicate it’s time to consult a veterinarian:
- The lump is growing rapidly;
- The lump is painful to the touch;
- The lump is oozing or bleeding;
- The dog is showing signs of discomfort or pain;
- The dog is lethargic or has lost appetite;
- The lump is hard and does not move when touched; and
- The dog has multiple lumps or masses.
A veterinarian will conduct a physical examination and may recommend further diagnostic tests, such as a biopsy or blood work, to determine the cause of the lump. Early detection and treatment can improve the chances of a positive outcome.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What causes lumps on a dog’s neck?
How do I know if a lump on my dog’s neck is cancerous?
Can a lump on a dog’s neck be a sebaceous cyst?
Is a fast-growing lump on a dog’s neck a cause for concern?
What are the treatment options for a lump on a dog’s neck?
Should I seek veterinary care for a lump on my dog’s neck?
Final Thoughts
Lumps on a dog’s neck can be caused by a variety of factors such as tumors, cysts, abscesses, and scar tissues. It is important to monitor the lump closely and seek veterinary advice if it appears to be growing or changing in any way. Owners should also keep an eye on their dog’s overall health and well-being, ensuring that they are up-to-date on their vaccinations and receiving regular check-ups.
Meet Your Experts
Author
Tamsin de la Harpe has nearly two decades of experience with dogs in rescue, training, and behavior modification with fearful and aggressive dogs. She has worked closely with veterinarians and various kennels, building up extensive medical knowledge and an understanding of canine health and physiology. She also spent two years in the animal sciences as a canine nutrition researcher, focusing on longevity and holistic healthcare for our four-legged companions. Tamsin currently keeps a busy homestead with an assortment of rescue dogs and three Bullmastiffs.