Dachshund 101: Your Complete Guide To The Weiner Dog

Welcome to our comprehensive guide on the Dachshund dog breed, affectionately known as the Doxie or Weiner dog! If you’ve ever seen a short-legged, elongated pooch with an inquisitive expression and a wagging tail, chances are you’ve encountered this iconic hound dog.

Dachshunds have a rich history as hunting dogs, prized for their keen sense of smell and fearless attitude when chasing prey. But don’t let their hunting roots fool you; these spunky pups are also beloved family dogs, known for their loyalty and affectionate nature.

In this guide, we’ll delve into everything you need to know about Dachshunds, from their origins and characteristics to their care and training. To provide you with the most accurate and insightful information, we’ve consulted with our expert, Oscar Martinez, a distinguished member of both the Dachshund Club of America and the Dachshund Club of California. With Oscar’s insights and our comprehensive coverage, you’ll gain a deeper understanding of what makes Dachshunds such cherished companions.

So, let’s embark on this journey together and explore the wonderful world of Dachshunds!

So, What Is A Dachshund? Quick Overview

Dachshunds are fairly unmistakable with their long bodies, short legs, and confident attitudes. Originating from Germany, the name “Dachshund” literally translates to “badger dog” (Dachs = badger, Hund = dog). These little dogs were bred for a big purpose: hunting. They are skilled at tunneling into dens to hunt badgers and wild boar, which is why they have such unique builds.

History and Origins

Their history is as interesting as their shape. The first breed standard, which is a kind of official guideline for how the breed should look and behave, was written in 1879 in their homeland of Germany. This set the stage for what Dachshunds are today. By the time the Dachshund Club of America formed in 1895, Dachshunds were already making a name for themselves.

Why do Dachshunds Have Short Legs?

Ever wonder why Dachshunds have those cute little legs? Well, it turns out there’s some cool science behind it! You see, these short legs are all thanks to a special gene called fibroblast growth factor 4, or fgf4 for short. 

Scientists found out that this gene came about from a funky evolutionary event involving something called retrotransposition of processed mRNAs—sounds fancy, right? Basically, it means that the gene got copied and pasted in a way that made Dachshunds and other breeds like corgis and basset hounds end up with short legs. So, next time you see a wiener dog strutting around, remember, it’s all because of some cool genetic stuff! 

Dachshund Temperament and Personality

When you’re eyeing a Dachshund as a four-legged addition to your life, knowing their temperament is essential. These pint-sized pups pack a punch of personality in a small frame; they’re clever, devoted, and brimming with an infectious zest for life.

Oscar shares his expertise, saying, “They are really great pets; they tend to bond with one or two people. So they are always wanting to cuddle, they follow you from room to room; they always want to be wherever you are; they are funny and do funny things.”

Behavioral Traits

Your Dachshund is a bundle of energy and play. They adore toys and engage in games with their human companions. Interactive playtimes are not only enjoyable but also a way to bond with your spirited little friend.

Curious and Independent

Their inquisitive nature means they’re often exploring and may come off as independent. This trait stems from their history as scent hounds. If something piques their interest, they’re likely to follow their nose, so keeping them leashed during walks is wise.

Stubbornness

You might notice a stubborn streak in your Dachshund, but this is just a sign of their strong will. Consistent training and a gentle but firm approach can help manage this trait.

Affectionate Companions

Dachshunds are known for their affectionate demeanor, often forming strong bonds with their families. They love to cuddle and will happily curl up next to you or on your lap.

Vocalization

Your Dachshund won’t shy away from expressing themselves. Their barking can alert you to strangers or simply be a way to communicate their desires and feelings.

High Energy Levels 

These dogs are more energetic than their small stature might suggest. Regular walks and playtime are essential to channel their energy positively. They especially enjoy activities like chasing a ball or navigating through tunnels, which cater to their instinctual digging and hunting behaviors.

Aggression

According to studies by Dr. Deborah Duffy,  if not properly socialized, some Dachshunds can show signs of aggression, especially toward strangers or unfamiliar dogs. Early socialization and positive reinforcement training are key to fostering a well-adjusted dog.

Do Dachshunds Make Good Pets? Pros and Cons

In general, the Doxie or Dachshund makes a great pet. However, it does depend on what you need in a pet dog. For example, if you need a quiet, allergy friendly-dog, than the Doxie is not right for you. However, if you need a spirited little watchdog and constant companion that doesn’t need  excessive maintenance, this may be your breed. 

Let’s look at the Pros and Cons of having a Dachshund.

Each Dachshund’s personality and behavior can vary, but understanding these general traits can help potential owners gauge whether this spirited breed will suit their lifestyle.

Are Dachshunds considered high maintenance pets?

Dachshunds are moderate maintenance dogs.

While their grooming needs might not be high—especially for the short-haired variety—they do require regular exercise. They are also known for being stubborn, which can make training a bit of a challenge.

Which Dachshund Type Is Right For You? Common Traits and Behavior Issues

In a comprehensive survey conducted to understand Dachshund health and behavior, notable differences were found among the various types of Dachshunds. This provides insights into the traits and tendencies of this breed based on owner reports.

Here’s a comprehensive and visually structured table that summarizes the various traits and behaviors of Dachshunds based on general observations, gender differences, coat types, and differences among miniature variants:

Dachshund Traits and Behaviors Overview

Differences Between Genders

• More males (9%) suffer from Separation Anxiety than females (6%). 
• Males show slightly more aggression towards people (1% vs. 0%) and other dogs (6% vs. 4%). 
• Males are more often nervous or fearful of people compared to females (7% vs. 5%).

These differences highlight the unique characteristics of each type of Dachshund, suggesting that while they share some common traits, their coat type and size can significantly influence their behavior and temperament. Potential owners should consider these factors when choosing a Dachshund to ensure a good fit with their lifestyle and environment.

Dachshund Physical Characteristics

Dachshunds are easily recognizable with their long bodies and short legs. They come in different sizes and three coat types, each available in a variety of colors and patterns.

Coat Types and Colors

Smooth Coat – This is your classic Dachshund with a short, shiny coat. It’s the easiest to maintain—just a quick brush and you’re good to go!

Wirehaired – These Dachshunds have a coarse, thick coat and bushy eyebrows. They’re a bit more rugged and have a terrier-like personality to match.

Longhaired –Elegant and flowing, the longhaired variety requires more grooming to prevent tangles.

When it comes to colors, you can find Dachshunds in:

• Black,
• Black and tan 
• Red or brown
• Chocolate or chocolate and tan
• dapple (a sort of mottled pattern known as merle in other dog breeds), 
• brindle (stripes), 
• Blue, or blue and tan
• sable, 
• piebald (white with patches), 
• and even double dapple (a dog with two dapple genes from both parents; may be more prone to deafness and eye problems). They can wear one solid color or sport a mix!

Doxies come in almost every cover imaginable due to their unique and very wide range of coat color genetics.

Size Variations

Standard-sized Dachshunds tip the scales at 16 to 32 pounds (about 7 to 14.5 kilograms). They’re a handful, but in a good way.

Miniature Dachshunds are the tinier cousins, usually weighing under 11 pounds (that’s less than 5 kilograms). They are perfect for a lap-size snuggle.

Both come with the same adorable features—just in different-sized packages!

Body Structure

Your Dachshund is a sturdy little machine. They have this long body (think about a hot dog bun) and these short, muscular legs. It gives them a distinctive silhouette that’s tough to miss.

Despite the short legs, they’re pretty strong and fast. The body is built like an athlete’s—lean and muscular—so it can be surprising just how powerful their appearance is.

Remember, Dachshunds were bred to hunt, so they still have that determination and sturdy build. It’s part of their charm. They may be small, but they don’t act like it!

Training and Socialization

Training your Dachshund is not just about learning commands; it’s about creating a mutual understanding and a strong bond. Dachshunds are intelligent and, with proper training, become highly trainable companions. Their bright minds make them great at learning tricks and following commands, which can be especially helpful if you have children or other pets.

Building the Bond

• Be patient and consistent.
• Create routines and provide structure.
• Make training a fun and rewarding experience.

Understanding Your Dachshund

Remember, although you may treat your pet like family, they are still dogs and perceive the world differently. They react to what works for them, not necessarily what you might expect.

Effective Training Techniques

• Motivate your Dachshund with positive reinforcement, such as treats or praise.
• Use commands consistently to avoid confusion.
• Be a leader; set rules and boundaries, but always be kind.

Socialization Tips

• Introduce your Dachshund to various people, animals, and environments early on.
• Encourage positive interactions in controlled settings.
• Help your Dachshund feel secure in social scenarios by rewarding calm behavior.

Reducing Unwanted Behaviors

• Redirect barking to more appropriate activities.
• Ignore demanding behaviors; reward patience instead.
• If your Dachshund gets too excited, calm them with a gentle voice and gentle petting when they settle.

Dachshund Health Concerns

When you bring a Dachshund into your life, be aware that while they’re packed with personality, they also come with a few health concerns. Your sausage dog’s long body is adorable, but it can be a bit of a challenge health-wise.

Behavioral Conditions

Your little friend might show a feisty streak. These pups sometimes have a tendency to express more aggression towards other dogs or people.

Cardiovascular Conditions

Listen up for heart murmurs, as Dachshunds can develop Mitral Valve Disease, which might have a genetic link.

Dermatological Conditions

Itchy skin can be a bother for some Dachshunds due to Atopic Dermatitis, and those with unique color patterns might experience Color Dilution Alopecia, leading to hair loss.

Endocrine Conditions

Your buddy could be at risk for Diabetes Mellitus, needing careful diet management, or Cushing’s Syndrome, where the adrenal glands are affected.

Gastrointestinal Conditions

Ouch! Pancreatitis and Bacterial Cholecystitis are more common in Dachshunds and can cause painful digestive issues.

Hematological/Immunological Conditions

Blood disorders like Haemophilia A and von Willebrand’s Disease could also be on the cards due to genetic factors.

Metabolic Conditions

Pass on the extra treats; these dogs can easily become overweight, amplifying other health problems.

Musculoskeletal Conditions

Their distinctive shape puts them at high risk for Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD), affecting the spine, and they could suffer from Patellar Luxation, causing kneecap issues.

Neoplastic Conditions

A scarier prospect is an increased chance of Mammary Neoplasia and Hemangiosarcoma, two types of cancer that demand immediate attention.

Neurological Conditions

Also, keep an eye out for signs of Epilepsy, as it’s known to run in the breed.

Ocular Conditions

Your Dachshund’s eyes need to be cherished; conditions like Cataracts and Progressive Retinal Atrophy could impair sight.

Renal and Urinary Conditions

Your Dachshund may be more likely to develop Urolithiasis, or bladder stones, especially if he’s a he.

Reproductive Conditions

If you’re thinking of babies for your baby, Dystocia could complicate the birthing process because of their narrow hips.

Dachshund Grooming Needs

Caring for your Dachshund’s coat is key to keeping them happy and healthy. Here are some tips based on the type of Dachshund you have:

Smooth Coats

• Routine – A quick daily brush with a soft-bristle brush adds shine to your smooth Dachshund’s coat.
• Extra Shine – Sometimes, a bit of baby oil on your hands, brushed gently onto their coat, can give it extra luster.

Long-haired Coats

• Routine – Brush and comb your long-haired Dachshund often to prevent tangles and remove loose hair.
• Bathing – Bathe them occasionally, using dog-specific shampoo and conditioner.
• Tools – A pin brush and a flea comb are great for keeping their coat neat. A stripping knife can be used carefully to control loose hair without damaging the outer coat.
• Special Areas – Pay attention to the armpits and leg feathering, where tangles often form.

Wire-haired Coats

• Routine – Wire-haired Dachshunds often require less grooming, but a pin brush or hound glove helps maintain their coat.
• Tools – If their coat looks untidy, use a stripping comb to thin out the guard hairs gently.
• Beard and Eyebrows – Keep their distinctive beard and bushy eyebrows neat with regular combing.

General Dachshund Grooming Tips:

• Remember to trim the hair between their toes and under the tail for cleanliness.
• Always use dog-specific toothpaste for oral hygiene.
• Remember to keep their nails clipped to avoid overgrown nails
• Clean ears and eyes regularly to avoid infections

Best Dog Food For Dachshunds

Here’s a list of 10 best dog foods for Dachshunds:

Royal Canin Dachshund Adult Dry Dog Food

Specifically formulated to meet the nutritional needs of Dachshunds, this food supports healthy bone and joint health.

Blue Buffalo Life Protection Formula Small Breed Dog Food

Rich in high-quality protein and formulated with wholesome grains and antioxidant-rich ingredients to support overall health.

Wellness Core Natural Grain-Free Dry Dog Food

Grain-free formula with premium proteins and essential nutrients, ideal for Dachshunds prone to food sensitivities.

Hill’s Science Diet Adult Small Paws Chicken Meal & Rice Recipe

Specially designed for small breeds like Dachshunds, this formula supports healthy digestion and maintains a shiny coat.

Merrick Lil’ Plates Grain-Free Real Chicken + Sweet Potato Recipe

Made with real deboned chicken, sweet potatoes, and other whole foods, this formula is suitable for small breeds and supports healthy weight management.

Eukanuba Small Breed Adult Dry Dog Food

Contains optimal levels of protein, fat, and carbohydrates to support Dachshunds’ energy needs and maintain muscle mass.

Nutro Ultra Small Breed Adult Dry Dog Food

Features a blend of superfoods like coconut, chia, and kale to provide essential nutrients and support overall well-being in Dachshunds.

Purina Pro Plan Small Breed Sensitive Skin & Stomach Salmon & Rice Formula

Formulated with salmon as the first ingredient, this food is gentle on sensitive Dachshund tummies and promotes healthy skin and coat.

Taste of the Wild Appalachian Valley Small Breed Grain-Free Dry Dog Food

Made with real venison and other high-quality ingredients, this grain-free formula supports Dachshunds’ natural ancestral diet.

Instinct Raw Boost Small Breed Grain-Free Recipe with Real Duck

Combines high-protein kibble with freeze-dried raw pieces to provide Dachshunds with the nutrition they need for optimal health and vitality.

Dachshund Dietary and Nutrition Needs

When feeding your Dachshund, striking the right balance is key. You want to provide a nutritious diet tailored to their size and needs without overfeeding. Here’s how to get it right.

Choose Quality Food 

Most commercially available premium foods will meet your Dachshund’s dietary requirements, covering the essential proteins, carbs, fats, minerals, and vitamins. For puppies, opt for kibble made for their growth stage. If they are under 3 months, you may moisten it for easier consumption.

Avoid Overfeeding

Dachshunds love to eat and will rarely turn down food, so it’s up to you to regulate their portions, preventing obesity. Start by following the portion guidelines on the dog food package, adjusting as necessary for your individual dog’s activity level.

Gradual Diet Changes 

If you need to switch foods, do it slowly. Mix a bit of the new food with their current one, gradually increasing the new food’s proportion over several days. This helps avoid digestive upsets.

Limit Table Scraps

Table scraps should not be a staple of their diet as they can lead to nutritional imbalances. Feeding occasional leftovers should be okay, but make them a small part of a meal and avoid foods that are too rich.

Feeding Schedule

Puppies generally require three meals a day, whereas an adult Dachshund can transition to one or two meals. Consistency in feeding times helps maintain their digestive health.

How Much Do Dachshunds Cost?

When you’re thinking about getting a Dachshund, it’s super important to consider your budget, not just for the initial cost but also for the long haul. Here, we’ll break down what you can expect to spend on your new best friend.

Initial Costs

• Puppy Price – Expect to pay anywhere from $300 to over $1,000 for your puppy, depending on things like pedigree and the breeder’s reputation.
• Supplies – You’ll need to grab some basics like a bed, toys, a collar, and a leash. Set aside around $50-200 for these.
• Veterinary Care –  Your new pup will need shots and a check-up, maybe setting you back $100-300.

Ongoing Costs

• Food – Quality dog food isn’t cheap, and since Dachshunds can be prone to obesity, you’ll want to get good stuff. Budget $20-60 per month.
• Health Care –  Yearly vet visits, vaccines, and flea prevention can add up to $200-600 annually.
• Grooming – Even though they’re low-maintenance, Dachshunds still need regular nail trims and baths, which could run you $30-500 a year, depending on if you DIY or go pro.
• Insurance – If you opt for pet insurance, this can be $200-600 per year.

Lifelong Costs

• Emergency Care – Accidents happen, and Dachshunds have back issues. An emergency fund or insurance is key; emergencies can cost $200-5,000+.
• Age-Related Care – As your Dachshund gets older, they may need special care or medication, potentially thousands over their lifetime.

Exercise Requirements

When you’ve got a Dachshund, you’re hanging out with a dog that’s got a lot of pep! Your little buddy has energy to burn and is super playful. Even though they look like they’re built for chill times with their short legs, don’t let the shape fool you – they were bred for hunting. That means your Dachshund pal loves to stay on the move!

Here’s what you should know to keep your Dachshund healthy and happy:

Daily Walks

 Aim for at least 30 minutes daily. It doesn’t need to be all at once, so feel free to break it up into a couple of shorter strolls.

Safe Spaces to Play

They’re into sniffing and exploring. Yard playtime is awesome if you’ve got the space. Just watch out, as they can be diggers.

Games

Fetch or tug-of-war? You bet! These games are solid for getting in some fun exercise.

Watch the Jumps

Keep in mind, due to their long spines, it’s best to limit activities that involve a lot of jumping.

Remember, exercise isn’t just about keeping the body fit, it’s also perfect for keeping your dog’s mind sharp. Mix things up to keep it interesting for both of you.

If you ever wonder about the exact needs of your particular pup, just ask your vet. Every Dachshund is unique, and your vet can give you the lowdown on what’s best for yours.

Best Activities For Dachshunds

Dachshunds are lively and intelligent dogs that thrive on engagement and activity. Here’s a list of sports and activities that are well-suited to their abilities and natural instincts, ensuring they stay happy, healthy, and mentally stimulated:

Barn Hunt

This sport taps into the Dachshund’s natural vermin hunting instincts, where they search for and signal the location of a rat (safely enclosed in a tube) hidden in a hay-stacked course.

Earthdog Trials 

Designed specifically for small terrier and Dachshund breeds, these trials test their ability to navigate underground tunnels and locate quarry (usually a caged rat that the dog cannot harm).

Dachshund Field Trials

Mimicking hunting scenarios in an open field, this activity allows Dachshunds to track a scent trail and demonstrate their keen hunting capabilities.

Agility Training

Although not typical agility stars, Dachshunds can navigate obstacle courses tailored to their size, which improves their agility, obedience, and confidence.

Tracking

Utilizing their strong sense of smell, Dachshunds excel in tracking activities where they follow scent trails laid out over varying terrain.

Obedience Training

Regular obedience classes help channel the Dachshund’s energy and intelligence into learning commands and proper social behavior.

Fetch and Retrieve Games

These simple play activities keep them active and allow them to engage in the chase and retrieval, satisfying their hunting instincts.

Swimming

While not all Dachshunds may enjoy water, swimming can be a good exercise for those who do, helping to strengthen muscles without straining their backs.

Nose Work (or Scent work)

 Similar to barn hunts but more accessible, nose work lets Dachshunds use their exceptional sense of smell to find hidden treats or scents in a controlled environment.

Finding a Dachshund Puppy 

When you’re looking to add a lovable Dachshund to your family, finding a reputable breeder and considering your family dynamic are essential first steps.

Selecting a Breeder

It’s important to choose a breeder who is knowledgeable and ethical. Look for breeders affiliated with recognized organizations like the American Kennel Club. They should prioritize the health and temperament of their dogs and be transparent about their breeding practices. A visit to the breeder’s facility is a must; it allows you to see the conditions in which the puppies are raised and to meet the parents of your future pet. You can find reputable breeders through networks such as the Dachshund Club of America.

Consider asking the breeder about:

• Health clearances and vaccinations
• The puppy’s lineage and any genetic health concerns
• Socialization and early training practices

Considerations for Families

Dachshunds can make a delightful family pet, but they require consideration regarding their compatibility with your household. Known affectionately as “wiener dogs” due to their long bodies, they’re brave and energetic, which makes them suitable companions for families. However, due to their hunting instincts as badger dogs, they might require supervision around small children to ensure interactions are gentle and respectful.

When introducing a Dachshund to a family with children, make sure to teach your kids how to handle the dog properly to avoid back injuries, a common concern for this breed. Look for a puppy with a temperament that matches your family’s lifestyle, be it active or more relaxed.

Final Thoughts

Dachshunds, with their distinct long bodies and short legs, have won hearts worldwide. They’re not just cute; they’ve got a personality that’s as big as their bark.

Remember, these little dogs need your love and a bit of extra care, especially for their backs. Because of their unique shape, they can have some health hiccups, like with their spines.

Meet Your Experts

Tamsin De La Harpe

Author

Tamsin de la Harpe has nearly two decades of experience with dogs in rescue, training, and behavior modification with fearful and aggressive dogs. She has worked closely with veterinarians and various kennels, building up extensive medical knowledge and an understanding of canine health and physiology. She also spent two years in the animal sciences as a canine nutrition researcher, focusing on longevity and holistic healthcare for our four-legged companions. Tamsin currently keeps a busy homestead with an assortment of rescue dogs and three Bullmastiffs.

Tamsin de la Harpe has nearly two decades of experience with dogs in rescue, training, and behavior modification with fearful and aggressive dogs. She has worked closely with veterinarians and various kennels, building up extensive medical knowledge and an understanding of canine health and physiology. She also spent two years in the animal sciences as a canine nutrition researcher, focusing on longevity and holistic healthcare for our four-legged companions. Tamsin currently keeps a busy homestead with an assortment of rescue dogs and three Bullmastiffs.