Australian Shepherd 101: Your Complete Dog Breed Information Guide

If you’ve ever wanted a smart, energetic, and loyal buddy, the Australian Shepherd might just be the dog for you. Australian Shepherds, often called Aussies, are not actually from Australia, despite the name. They were bred in the United States to herd livestock and are known for their high intelligence and strong work ethic. You would find their agility and drive perfect if you’re into activities like dog sports.

These medium-sized dogs come with a gorgeous coat that can be of various colors like blue merle, black, red merle, or red—all with or without white markings and/or tan points. With their striking eyes, which might even be two different colors, they’ll catch your attention and hold it. Beyond their looks, Aussies are famously good with kids, which makes them excellent family pets.

However, before you start looking for an Aussie Shepherd puppy for sale, it’s vital to do your research. So, we’ve compiled everything you need to know about this breed from renowned California Breeders like Foothill Aussies, and expert research such as Dr. John Pickard’s insights from Shepherding In Colonial Australia.

Australian Shepherd Keypoints

1. Australian Shepherds are highly energetic and require regular, vigorous exercise to stay healthy and happy.
2. Aussies are extremely intelligent and thrive on mental stimulation; they excel in obedience, agility, and other dog sports.
3. This breed has a natural herding instinct that can manifest as nipping or chasing, especially with small children or other animals, if not properly managed.
4. Early and consistent socialization is crucial for Australian Shepherds to ensure they develop into well-adjusted adult dogs.
5. They have a thick, double coat that requires regular brushing to control shedding and prevent matting.
6. Continuous training and engagement are necessary to channel their intelligence and energy positively.
7. Despite their name, Australian Shepherds did not originate from Australia but were actually developed in California, USA.

Aussie Shepherd Nickname Explained

The nickname “Aussie” affectionately reflects the Australian Shepherd’s association with Australian sheep herders who came to the United States in the 1800s, though the breed was actually developed in the Western United States. This moniker has stuck, likely due to the breed’s association with the Basque shepherds who originally came from Australia to America, bringing their dogs with them.

Aussies can have a variety of coat colors, including the stunning Red Australian Shepherd, known for its lively spirit and lovely red hue. The breed’s adaptability and trainability have also led to Aussies being crossed with other breeds, like the Border Collie, to create dynamic mixes attuned to active lifestyles and working environments, similar to the Australian Shepherd Border Collie mix.

Australian Shepherd Behavior and Temperament

The Australian Shepherd is a breed that embodies intelligence, high energy, and deep loyalty. Renowned for their quick learning ability, Aussies excel in environments where they can mentally and physically engage through activities like agility training, obedience, and daily interactive play. Their loyalty makes them devoted companions, often forming strong bonds with family members.

Owners frequently describe Aussies as “shadow dogs” due to their tendency to stay close to their human companions. This breed thrives on being part of daily activities, making them excellent family pets. 

Their high energy, however, means they are best suited to active households where they can get regular, vigorous exercise. Without adequate stimulation, an Aussie may resort to undesirable behaviors out of boredom.

Aussies in Family Environments

Australian Shepherds are known for their good-natured disposition when it comes to family life. They generally do well with children, often taking on a gentle and protective role. However, due to their herding instincts, they may sometimes herd small children and other pets by nipping gently at their heels. Early training can help manage this behavior effectively.

One Aussie owner shared, “Our Aussie has been a dream with our two kids, always gentle and watchful. But it’s important to teach the kids how to interact properly with the dog too.” This highlights the importance of mutual respect and training to foster a harmonious relationship between the dog and young family members.

Another owner remarked on their adaptability, “Our Aussie, Max, quickly became part of the family. He’s not just great with our kids; he’s also surprisingly good with our other pets, including our cat. He seems to understand he needs to be more gentle with smaller creatures.”

Herding Instincts and Intelligence

With their roots deep in herding, Australian Shepherds have a strong instinct to herd almost anything—from birds to kids. They are highly intelligent dogs, which allows them to excel in obedience and problem-solving tasks. This intelligence places them above the average for dog breeds, reflecting their ability to learn new commands and routines efficiently.

Energy and Activity Levels

Australian Shepherds are high-energy dogs that need plenty of exercise to be happy. They are well-suited for active families or individuals who enjoy outdoor activities. Their high energy level demands ample space to run and play, and they’re often seen excelling in agility sports. Without enough physical and mental exercise, they may resort to undesirable behaviors out of boredom.

Pros and Cons of Owning an Australian Shepherd

Owning an Australian Shepherd can be a rewarding experience, but it also comes with its challenges. Here’s a comprehensive table outlining the pros and cons of this dynamic breed:

Australian Shepherd Physical Characteristics

The Australian Shepherd is a vibrant, medium-sized dog renowned for their beautiful coat and agile build. This section details their coat and color patterns, as well as their size and body structure.

Coat and Color

Your Aussie’s coat is moderate in length and weather-resistant, making it suitable for various climates. These dogs proudly sport a double coat, with the outer layer being slightly wavy and the inner one soft and insulating. 

When it comes to color, Australian Shepherds present a striking variety. You’ll find them in blue merle, red merle, black, and red with or without white markings and/or tan (copper) points. 

Merles display mottled patches of color, a trait owed to the merle gene, and their eyes can be a captivating blue or amber. You also get double merles (when they get two copies of the merle gene). This is linked to higher levels or deafness and eye abnormalities. 

Size and Body Structure

An Australian Shepherd typically stands between 18-23 inches (45-58 cm) in height for males, and 18-21 inches (45-53 cm) for females. When it comes to weight, expect males to weigh between 50-65 pounds (23-29 kg) and females between 40-55 pounds (18-25 kg). 

You can also get miniature Aussies and even Toy Australian Shepherds for much smaller versions of the breed. 

Australian Shepherd Health

When you’re a proud Australian Shepherd owner, understanding your pup’s health concerns is crucial for their well-being and happiness.

How long do Australian Shepherds usually live?

Your Australian Shepherd has a life expectancy ranging from 12 to 15 years, which can be influenced by genetics, lifestyle, and health care.

Common Health Issues

Your Australian Shepherd is an active and intelligent buddy with a beautiful coat and lots of energy. However, they can be prone to specific health conditions, according to Dr. Alex Gough, that you should be aware of to ensure they stay healthy and thriving.

Dermatological Conditions:

Sterile Nodular Panniculitis –  A skin disorder where small, inflamed nodules form under the skin, often without infection.

Drug Reactions:

Ivermectin and Milbemycin Sensitivity –  Australian Shepherds may react negatively to these drugs due to a genetic mutation that affects drug metabolism. Note that these are common anti-parasite and deworming medications for dogs, so be careful not to give them to your Aussie!

Endocrine Conditions:

Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s Syndrome) –  A condition where the body produces too much cortisol, leading to symptoms like increased hunger, thirst, and urination.

Haematological/Immunological Conditions:

Haemophilia A – A bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency in clotting factor VIII.

Selective Malabsorption of Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) – This genetic issue prevents the dog from properly absorbing vitamin B12, important for nerve function and blood cell production.

Musculoskeletal Conditions:

Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head (Legg–Calvé–Perthes Disease) – Poor blood supply to the femoral head causes bone death, leading to joint pain and limping.

Hip Dysplasia – A genetic malformation where the hip joint doesn’t fit properly in its socket, causing pain and arthritis.

Neoplastic Conditions:

Pituitary Tumour Resulting in Hyperadrenocorticism: Tumors on the pituitary gland can also cause Cushing’s Syndrome.

Neurological Conditions:

Epilepsy – A disorder marked by recurrent seizures, which can be poorly controlled in some dogs, especially those with non-merle coats.

Ocular Conditions:

Cataracts – Clouding of the lens in the eye, leading to decreased vision.

Chronic Superficial Keratitis (Pannus) – An inflammatory condition of the cornea that can lead to vision loss.

Collie Eye Anomaly – A congenital condition involving underdeveloped eyes that can lead to vision impairment.

Multiple Ocular Defects –  Includes several eye abnormalities, often seen in dogs with predominantly white coats in the merle pattern.

Persistent Hyaloid Remnants – Pieces of fetal tissue that remain in the eye after birth, potentially causing vision issues.

Renal and Urinary Conditions:

Urolithiasis (Cystine) – The formation of cystine stones in the urinary tract, which is especially common in male dogs.

Auditory Conditions:

Deafness – Can be congenital (present from birth) or develop as the dog ages, often associated with merle coat color genetics in Australian Shepherds.

Remember, staying informed about these potential health issues and maintaining frequent vet check-ups can help you keep your Australian Shepherd healthy and happy for years to come.

How to Groom An Australian Shepherd

Grooming your Australian Shepherd is a bit like taking care of your own hair, it needs regular attention. These dogs have a thick, double coat that sheds throughout the year, especially during spring and fall. So, be ready to find some fur around your house!

Brushing

You’ll want to get a good pin brush or undercoat rake. Brushing a few times a week is a must to keep the shedding under control. It also helps to prevent those nasty tangles and mats that can be really uncomfortable for your Aussie. 

Pay special attention to the area behind  their ears and be sure to trim the fur between their paw pads!

Bathing

Bath time doesn’t have to be all the time, maybe just once a month unless your Aussie finds a mud puddle to play in. Make sure you use a dog-friendly shampoo to keep their coat nice and shiny.

Nails

Keeping their nails trimmed is important, too. If you can hear them clicking on the floor, it’s time for a trim. If you’re not comfortable doing this, your vet or a groomer can help out.

Ears

Don’t forget their ears! Check them regularly for dirt and make sure they’re not smelly or red, which could be a sign of an infection.

Dental Care

And good dental care is important, just like for you. Brushing their teeth with dog-specific toothpaste keeps their mouth healthy and their breath not too stinky.

Finally, a good deshedding tool will be your best friend come shedding season. It can help you get rid of all that loose fur and keep your Aussie looking great. Happy grooming!

Australian Shepherd vs. Border Collie

Both the Australian Shepherd and the Border Collie are highly intelligent and energetic herding breeds renowned for their abilities in obedience and agility. Despite their similarities, there are distinct differences that might make one more suitable than the other depending on an owner’s lifestyle and expectations.

Similarities

• Both breeds are among the most intelligent of all dog breeds, known for their quick learning and problem-solving skills.
• High energy is a hallmark of both breeds, requiring extensive daily exercise and mental stimulation.
• Both have a strong working heritage, excelling in tasks that challenge their minds and bodies, such as herding, agility courses, and advanced obedience training.

Differences

• Australian Shepherds are known for being somewhat more versatile when it comes to family life. They often display a protective nature which makes them excellent watchdogs. Border Collies, while friendly, are generally more focused on work and can be more intense in their herding behavior.
• Australian Shepherds are typically a bit stockier and heavier than Border Collies, with a slightly broader range of size due to variations in breeding standards.
• Australian Shepherds come in a wider variety of colors and have a slightly thicker and sometimes longer coat compared to the sleeker coat of a Border Collie.
• While both breeds are trainable, Border Collies may require more consistent engagement in activities that utilize their intense focus and energy, whereas Australian Shepherds can sometimes adapt more readily to varied daily routines.

Both breeds make excellent companions for active individuals or families who enjoy outdoor activities and are able to dedicate the necessary time to their physical and mental needs.

Best Dog Food for Australian Shepherds

When it comes to feeding an Australian Shepherd, selecting the right dog food is crucial for maintaining their health and energy levels. Australian Shepherds are highly active and require a diet that can keep up with their energetic lifestyle. Here are some recommendations on choosing the best dog food for Australian Shepherds, taking into account their nutritional needs.

Key Nutritional Needs

Australian Shepherds need a balanced diet rich in proteins, fats, and carbohydrates:

High-Quality Protein

Protein is essential for muscle maintenance and growth. Look for foods where real meat (like chicken, beef, or fish) is listed as the first ingredient.

Healthy Fats

Fats like omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are important for maintaining a healthy coat and skin. Sources like green-lipped mussel extract or flaxseed can provide these essential fats.

Complex Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates provide energy and help keep an active Aussie fueled throughout the day. Choose complex carbohydrates from sources like sweet potatoes and brown rice for sustained energy.

Recommended Best Dog Foods for Australian Shepherds

Orijen Original Dry Dog Food

This high-protein formula is made with free-run chicken, turkey, wild-caught fish, and cage-free eggs. It’s designed to mimic the natural diet of a dog in the wild, making it an excellent choice for active breeds like the Australian Shepherd.

Taste of the Wild High Prairie Canine Formula

This grain-free formula includes real buffalo and bison meat, which are great sources of lean protein. It also contains fruits and vegetables for antioxidants and is enriched with probiotics for digestive health.

Blue Buffalo Life Protection Formula Adult Chicken & Brown Rice

This formula offers a well-rounded diet with deboned chicken as the first ingredient, whole grains, garden veggies, and fruit. It also includes LifeSource Bits—a precise blend of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals tailored to the health needs of adult dogs.

Wellness CORE Grain-Free Ocean Whitefish, Herring & Salmon Recipe 

Ideal for Aussies with grain sensitivities, this high-protein formula includes a blend of whitefish, herring, and salmon. It’s also packed with antioxidants, omega fatty acids, and probiotics to support digestive health, energy, and coat condition.

Canidae PURE Real Lamb, Goat & Venison Meals Recipe

For Aussies with sensitive stomachs, this limited ingredient diet uses 8 key ingredients, making it easier on the digestive system while still providing the necessary nutrients and energy.

Special Considerations

• Some Australian Shepherds may have allergies or sensitivities to certain ingredients. If you notice signs of an allergic reaction, such as itching, redness, or gastrointestinal upset, consult your vet and consider a limited ingredient diet.
• Puppies, adults, and senior Australian Shepherds have different nutritional needs. Ensure you choose a formula appropriate for your dog’s life stage.

Exercise and Training An Australian Shepherd

Hey there! If you’ve got a fluffy bundle of energy like an Australian Shepherd, you’re in for a wild ride! These dogs are super athletic and love to play. Think of your Aussie as an elite athlete in need of regular practice to stay on top of their game.

Daily Exercise Needs

• Minimum – 1 to 2 hours per day for a healthy adult Aussia
• Activities – Jogging, fetch, agility training, herding

Remember, an Aussie without enough exercise can become destructive. They’re not just being naughty; they’re telling you they’re bored! To keep your Aussie happy and your home intact, mix up their routine with various playful activities.

Training Your Aussie

Let’s talk about training. Australian Shepherds are smart cookies—and they know it! Start obedience training early to keep you both sane.

• Basic Tricks –  Sit, stay, come
• Advanced Tricks –Fetch specific items, roll over, play dead

Training isn’t just about obedience either. It’s about bonding with your pup and keeping their brain just as exercised as their body.

Pro Tip: Positive reinforcement works wonders. Treats, praise, and playtime for a job well done will make training a breeze.

Perfect the Basics

• Consistency – Key to success
• Patience –  They’ll get it, give them time

Last thing, Aussie parents, don’t skimp on the exercise or training. Trust me, your lively pal will thank you with fewer chewed-up shoes and more tail wags! Happy training!

Best Activities for Australian Shepherds

Given their high energy and intelligence, Australian Shepherds thrive on activities that provide both physical exercise and mental stimulation. Here are some recommended activities that suit an Aussie’s active lifestyle:

Agility Training

This is a perfect sport for Australian Shepherds, as it challenges their minds and bodies. Navigating through obstacle courses will keep them engaged and use up a lot of their boundless energy.

Herding Trials

Participating in herding trials taps into their natural herding instincts. Even if you don’t own livestock, herding balls or participating in herding sport competitions can provide a fun and fulfilling activity.

Hiking and Outdoor Adventures

Aussies make great companions for long hikes, runs, or any outdoor adventures. Their stamina and agility make them perfect partners for most outdoor sports.

Advanced Obedience Training

Teaching them complex commands and tricks can help keep their minds active and satisfied. Aussies enjoy the challenge and the interaction with their owners.

Fetch and Frisbee

Regular games of fetch or frisbee can help meet their daily exercise needs. They love the challenge of chasing and retrieving, and these activities can be done almost anywhere.

Interactive Play

Puzzle toys and interactive play sessions help keep their brains active, which is just as important as physical exercise for this breed.

Incorporating these activities into your Australian Shepherd’s routine will help ensure that they remain healthy, happy, and well-behaved. Engaging in activities together also strengthens the bond between dog and owner, creating a rewarding relationship that benefits both.

Behavior and Training Challenges: Australian Shepherd Barking and Digging Control

Australian Shepherds are known for their intelligence and energy, but these traits can sometimes lead to challenging behaviors such as excessive barking and digging. Understanding why these behaviors occur and how to manage them can help create a more harmonious environment for both the dog and owner.

Australian Shepherd Barking Control

Australian Shepherds may bark for various reasons including alerting to danger, anxiety, boredom, or simply out of habit. Identifying the trigger is crucial to effectively addressing the behavior. For insights into why dogs bark at seemingly nothing, refer to this detailed article on dog barking.

Strategies to Manage Barking

• Train your Aussie to understand commands like “quiet” or “stop.” Use positive reinforcement to reward them when they obey, which can help them learn that silence is beneficial.
• As a high-energy breed, ensuring your Aussie has sufficient physical and mental exercise can reduce barking driven by boredom or excess energy. Interactive games, long walks, and agility training can help keep their mind and body engaged.
• If your Aussie barks due to anxiety, consider strategies to reduce their stress. This may include creating a calm environment, using anxiety-reducing products like calming chews or diffusers, and, in some cases, consultation with a veterinarian or a professional dog trainer.

Digging Behavior in Australian Shepherds

Digging is a natural instinct for many dogs, including Australian Shepherds. It can be triggered by the desire to bury objects, to hunt small ground animals, to find a cool spot to lie down, or as a form of entertainment.  Read this article for more on why dogs dig and how to address it.

Strategies to Manage Digging:

• Give your dog appropriate outlets for their energy. This could include more exercise or using digging toys and sandboxes where they are allowed to dig without consequences.
• Redirect your dog when they start to dig in inappropriate places. Command them to stop, and then distract them with a toy or activity. Consistent training can help modify this behavior over time.
• For dogs that dig for specific reasons, such as escaping under fences, consider physical deterrents like chicken wire under the soil or buried rocks at the base of fences.

By understanding the specific causes behind barking and digging, you can better tailor your approach to managing these behaviors. Training, coupled with providing appropriate physical and mental stimulation, can significantly reduce the incidence of these challenging behaviors in Australian Shepherds. 

Always approach these issues with patience and consistency, and consider professional help if the behaviors persist.

How Much Do Australian Shepherds Cost?

When you’re looking to bring an Australian Shepherd into your life, it’s important to consider the costs involved. Let’s break it down so you can get a clear idea of what to expect.

Puppy Price

The amount you’ll pay for an Australian Shepherd puppy can vary widely. Depending on the breeder’s reputation and the dog’s lineage, prices generally range from $400 to $1,800. If you’re set on a pup with a champion pedigree, prices can soar to over $2,500.

Here’s a quick peek at what to keep in mind:

• Breeder Quality – A reputable breeder could set you back anywhere between $800 and $1,800.
• Lineage – Champion bloodlines? That price jumps, with some going for upwards of $2,500.

Monthly & Annual Costs

Once you’ve got your Aussie, there are monthly and annual expenses to plan for. Initially, you’ll have a higher setup cost for things like food, bed, and vet visits for vaccinations. Afterward, your monthly outlay should drop, but still, you’re looking at around $129 per month, which adds up to about $1,545 a year for essentials.

Here’s what your annual spending might look like:

• First-Year Essentials: Approximately $2,725
• Following Years: Roughly $1,545/year

Keep in mind, these are ballpark figures—your actual expenses can vary based on your circumstances and where you live. But by setting aside a monthly budget, you’ll be well prepared for the joyful journey with your Aussie!

Aussie Adoption and Ownership

When you decide to welcome an Australian Shepherd into your life, you’re committing to an active, affectionate companion. They’re intelligent dogs who require dedicated training, socialization, and adequate space to roam and run.

Choosing an Australian Shepherd

Australian Shepherds are high-energy dogs that love having a job to do. If you live an active lifestyle, this breed might be a great fit for you. Before adopting, consider reaching out to establishments like the Australian Shepherd Club of America for guidance on finding an ethical breeder. You may also want to connect with Australian Shepherd Rescue organizations for the option to adopt a pup in need of a home.

Preparation for a New Aussie

Prepare your home for high-energy activities. Australian Shepherds need plenty of space to run, so a yard or frequent trips to the dog park are a must. Equip yourself with toys that stimulate their minds and satisfy their instinct to herd. Additionally, make sure you are ready for the responsibility of grooming to keep their coat in top shape.

Final Thoughts

When you’re considering an Australian Shepherd as your next pet, think about the kind of lifestyle you lead. These dogs have energy to spare, so they’re perfect for active families or individuals who enjoy outdoor adventures. Remember, your Australian Shepherd will rely on you for regular exercise to keep them healthy and satisfied.

You’ll also want to keep in mind that Australian Shepherds are quite smart. They’re not just about physical activity; their minds need exercise too. Toys that challenge them mentally, training exercises, and learning new tricks are all great ways to keep those brains buzzing.

References

• Hédan, B., Corre, S., Hitte, C., Dréano, S., Vilboux, T., Derrien, T., Denis, B., Galibert, F., Galibert, M.D. and André, C., 2006. Coat colour in dogs: identification of the merle locus in the Australian shepherd breed. BMC veterinary research, 2, pp.1-10.
• Sponenberg, D.P. and Bowling, A.T., 1985. Heritable syndrome of skeletal defects in a family of Australian shepherd dogs. Journal of Heredity, 76(5), pp.393-395.
• Nelson, O.L., Carsten, E., Bentjen, S.A. and Mealey, K.L., 2003. Ivermectin toxicity in an Australian Shepherd dog with the MDR1 mutation associated with ivermectin sensitivity in Collies. Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 17(3), pp.354-356.

Meet Your Experts

Tamsin De La Harpe

Author

Tamsin de la Harpe has nearly two decades of experience with dogs in rescue, training, and behavior modification with fearful and aggressive dogs. She has worked closely with veterinarians and various kennels, building up extensive medical knowledge and an understanding of canine health and physiology. She also spent two years in the animal sciences as a canine nutrition researcher, focusing on longevity and holistic healthcare for our four-legged companions. Tamsin currently keeps a busy homestead with an assortment of rescue dogs and three Bullmastiffs.

Tamsin de la Harpe has nearly two decades of experience with dogs in rescue, training, and behavior modification with fearful and aggressive dogs. She has worked closely with veterinarians and various kennels, building up extensive medical knowledge and an understanding of canine health and physiology. She also spent two years in the animal sciences as a canine nutrition researcher, focusing on longevity and holistic healthcare for our four-legged companions. Tamsin currently keeps a busy homestead with an assortment of rescue dogs and three Bullmastiffs.