When a dog flashes a big, panting smile, the last thing you’d expect to see is a blue tongue. While some breeds naturally have darker tongues that can be blue-black or purple, a pale blue hue can sometimes be a sign of underlying health issues. Dive into this article as we explore the causes, implications, and necessary actions for a blue tongue in our canine companions.
So, What Causes A Blue Tongue In Dogs?
Some dog breeds are born with dark blue tongues, like Chow Chows. However, dogs may have a blue-tinged tongue due to cyanosis, a condition where there’s reduced oxygen in the blood. This can result from respiratory issues, heart problems, or blood disorders, causing a bluish tint in body parts, including the tongue.
In these cases, a bluish tongue may be a sign of a serious underlying health issue and should be evaluated by a veterinarian immediately.
It’s also possible for a dog’s tongue to turn blue due to exposure to certain toxins, such as copper sulfate or methylene blue. These substances can be found in some fertilizers, insecticides, and medications, and can be extremely harmful if ingested.
Remember to also see our post on if dogs’ tongues are clean?
Understanding Blue Tongue in Dogs
Blue tongue in dogs can be a concerning issue for pet owners. It is a sign that your dog might not be getting enough oxygen. Cyanosis is a condition where the blood does not have enough oxygen and turns a bluish color. This can happen due to serious issues with the lungs or heart that make it hard for the blood to pick up oxygen.
Sometimes, there’s a detour in the blood flow, skipping the lungs, where it normally gets oxygen. This detour is called a “shunt.” In this scenario, the blood that hasn’t grabbed enough oxygen from the lungs goes straight back to the heart. Then, the heart pumps this oxygen-poor blood all over the body, including the skin, which can cause the tongue to turn blue.
If you notice that your dog’s tongue is blue, it is important to take them to the veterinarian as soon as possible. The veterinarian will examine your dog and determine the underlying cause of the blue tongue. It is essential to treat the underlying condition to ensure that your dog receives adequate oxygen and does not suffer any long-term effects.
In conclusion, blue tongue in dogs is a sign that your dog may not be getting enough oxygen. It is crucial to take your dog to the veterinarian as soon as possible if you notice a blue tongue. The veterinarian will determine the underlying cause and provide appropriate treatment to ensure your dog’s health.
Causes of Blue Tongue in Dogs
Several conditions can cause a dog to present with this issue. Let’s look at the different causes:
1. Breeds Born With Blue Tongues
Some dog breeds have blue-black or purple tongues as a result of their genetics. Here are a few breeds that are born with blue tongues:
- Chow Chow: This breed is known for its distinctive blue-black tongue, which is one of the breed’s most defining features. The Chow Chow is one of the oldest dog breeds in the world, and its blue tongue is thought to be a result of a genetic mutation that occurred thousands of years ago.
- Shar Pei: Another ancient breed, the Shar Pei also has a blue-black tongue. This breed has a unique, wrinkled appearance, and its tongue is one of the many distinguishing features that make it stand out.
- Thai Ridgeback: This breed is native to Thailand and is known for its short, smooth coat and muscular build. The Thai Ridgeback also has a blue tongue, which is believed to be a result of a genetic mutation that occurred in the breed’s early history.
It’s important to note that not all dogs with blue tongues are purebred. Some mixed breed dogs may also have blue tongues, but it’s impossible to determine their breed based on this characteristic alone.
Overall, the blue tongue is just one of the many unique features that make each dog breed special. While it’s interesting to learn about the genetics behind this trait, it’s important to remember that a dog’s temperament and personality are far more important than the color of its tongue..
2. Cardiovascular Problems
According to Canine Cardiology, heart problems can manifest in various ways, such as issues with the heart valve that sits between the two left chambers of the heart. Another example would be problems that affect the heart muscle itself.
One type of issue in this system is called “Congenital Defects.” These are problems with the heart and blood vessels that a baby is born with. Examples of these are heart defects such as PDA, VSD, and ASD. There are also other concerns like tetralogy of Fallot, truncus arteriosus, and situations where some hearts don’t have the normal openings in their valves.
As time goes on, there are also heart problems that can develop after someone is born. We refer to these issues as “Acquired Diseases.” Additionally, “Pericardial Effusion” happens when there’s a build-up of fluid between the heart and the sac that surrounds it. This condition can arise for reasons that sometimes remain unknown to us. In other instances, it may develop due to cancer.
“Pulmonary Thromboembolism” refers to blood clots that form in the lungs. There are several diseases that can lead to these clots, such as Cushing’s disease where the adrenal glands produce excessive steroids, or conditions where the body mistakenly attacks its own red blood cells.
Another issue in this category is heartworm disease. Heartworm disease is caused by the parasitic worm Dirofilaria immitis, which is transmitted through mosquito bites. When the worms mature, they can cause blockages in the heart and lungs, leading to heart failure and death.
Additionally, “Pulmonary Hypertension” indicates a rise in blood pressure that particularly impacts the circulation to the lungs. The cause of this condition might be elusive in some cases, and in others, it may arise from cardiac shunts.
Right-to-left shunt is another cardiovascular problem that some dogs, especially young ones like Keeshonds, English bulldogs, and beagles, can have an issue where low-oxygen blood mixes with high-oxygen blood in the heart. This can lead to cyanosis, a bluish discoloration of the tongue and gums.
If you notice that your dog’s tongue is blue, it may be a sign of a serious cardiovascular problem. Other symptoms to watch out for include difficulty breathing, coughing, lethargy, and loss of appetite. It is essential to seek veterinary care immediately if you notice any of these symptoms.
3. Respiratory or Breathing Issues
Dogs can face various respiratory issues that affect their ability to breathe. Some of the most common problems include tracheal collapse, laryngeal paralysis, and chronic bronchitis. In severe cases, dogs might suffer from pneumonia, lung fluke, or even severe kennel cough. Here’s an overview of some of the most common respiratory issues that dogs face:
Tracheal Collapse
Tracheal collapse is a respiratory condition that affects small dogs like Pomeranians or Yorkies. In this condition, the windpipe can cave in, making it hard for dogs to breathe. Symptoms of tracheal collapse include honking cough, exercise intolerance, and difficulty breathing.
Laryngeal Paralysis
Laryngeal paralysis is a condition that affects dogs, such as Dalmatians or Siberian huskies, and is characterized by the inability of the voice box to function properly. In older dogs like Labradors or greyhounds, a part of their voice box can stop working as they age. Symptoms include noisy breathing, coughing, and difficulty breathing.
Chronic Bronchitis
Chronic bronchitis is a respiratory condition that affects dogs of all ages and breeds. It is characterized by inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which can cause coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing. Symptoms of chronic bronchitis include coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath.
Lung Fluke
Lung fluke is a parasitic infection that affects dogs and can cause respiratory problems. Dogs can become infected with lung fluke by eating raw or undercooked fish or by drinking contaminated water. Symptoms of lung fluke include coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing.
Severe Kennel Cough
Kennel cough is a highly contagious respiratory disease that affects dogs of all ages and breeds. It is caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria, with the most common being Bordetella bronchiseptica. Symptoms of severe kennel cough include coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing.
Pneumonia
Pneumonia is a respiratory infection that can affect dogs of all ages and breeds. It is caused by viruses, bacteria, or even allergies. Accidentally inhaling foreign substances can also cause aspiration pneumonia. Symptoms of pneumonia include coughing, fever, and difficulty breathing.
4. Blood Vessels And Heart Malformations (Shunts)
Sometimes, a blue tongue in dogs can be a sign of a blood vessel or heart malformation. This can be caused by a shunt, which is an abnormal connection between the arteries and veins in the body.
When a shunt is present, blood can bypass the lungs and not receive the oxygen it needs. This can cause the tongue and other areas of the body to appear blue or purple due to lack of oxygen.
Shunts can be congenital, meaning they are present at birth, or they can develop later in life. Certain breeds, such as Yorkshire Terriers and Maltese, are more prone to developing shunts.
5. Choking (Foreign Object Obstruction or Trauma To Airways)
Choking is a serious condition that can occur when a foreign object or food gets stuck in a dog’s throat, blocking the airway. This can lead to difficulty breathing, coughing, and even suffocation. Trauma to the airways can also cause choking in dogs.
If you suspect that your dog is choking, it is important to act quickly. First, try to open your dog’s mouth and see if you can remove the object with your fingers. If this is not possible, you can try to perform the Heimlich maneuver by applying pressure to your dog’s abdomen.
If your dog is unconscious or the object cannot be removed, take them to the veterinarian immediately.
Prevention is key when it comes to choking in dogs. Make sure to supervise your dog while they are eating, and avoid giving them small or easily breakable toys or bones.
6. Problems in the Nervous and Muscle System
When a dog’s tongue turns blue, it could be a sign of problems in the nervous and muscle system. There are several conditions that can affect a dog’s brain, spine, muscles, and nerves, leading to a blue tongue.
Brain issues can cause a dog’s tongue to turn blue. Inflammation or swelling in the brain, injuries to the brain, bleeding in or around the brain, brain cancer, and some drugs or medications can make a dog breathe slower or not at all. These conditions can affect the dog’s breathing and oxygen levels, leading to a blue tongue.
Spine issues can also cause a dog’s tongue to turn blue. Swelling inside the spine, injuries to the spine, a broken backbone, or a slipped disk in the spine can affect the dog’s nerves and muscles, leading to a blue tongue.
Muscle and nerve issues can also be the cause of a blue tongue. Giving too much of certain drugs during surgery that make muscles stop moving, paralysis from ticks or certain infections like botulism or coonhound paralysis, issues with the body’s automatic nerve system, and an immune problem that stops muscles from getting nerve signals properly, known as myasthenia gravis, can all affect the dog’s muscles and nerves, leading to a blue tongue.
If you notice that your dog’s tongue has turned blue, it is important to seek veterinary care immediately. The signs and symptoms of these conditions can vary, but they can be serious and even life-threatening. We recommend that you consult with your veterinarian to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment for your dog.
7. Methemoglobinemia (Abnormal Oxygen-Carrying Molecule in the Red Blood Cell)
Methemoglobinemia is a condition where the hemoglobin in the red blood cells is unable to carry oxygen effectively. This can be caused by a variety of factors, including birth defects and poisoning from certain chemicals.
In dogs, methemoglobinemia can occur due to a birth defect called NADH-MR deficiency. This condition affects the hemoglobin in the red blood cells, making it difficult for the cells to carry oxygen. As a result, the dog’s tongue may turn blue due to a lack of oxygen.
Another cause of methemoglobinemia in dogs is poisoning from certain chemicals. These chemicals can harm the hemoglobin in the red blood cells, making it difficult for the cells to carry oxygen. Some common chemicals that can cause methemoglobinemia include acetaminophen and nitrates, as well as others like benzocaine and aniline dyes.
Symptoms Accompanying Blue Tongue
When a dog’s tongue turns blue, it is important to look for other symptoms that may indicate an underlying health issue. One potential cause of a blue tongue is cyanosis, which occurs when there is not enough oxygen in the blood.
Central cyanosis can cause a dog to breathe loudly or with difficulty, cough, experience changes in their voice, or even faint. If a dog is experiencing peripheral cyanosis, a specific part of their body, such as an arm or leg, may turn blue due to poor blood flow. This can cause weakness or paralysis in the affected limb.
Other symptoms that may accompany a blue tongue in dogs include difficulty breathing, lethargy, weakness, loss of appetite, and vomiting. These symptoms may indicate a more serious underlying health issue, such as heart disease or respiratory problems.
Diagnosing Cyanosis in Dogs
When it comes to diagnosing blue tongue in dogs, there are a few different methods that veterinarians may use. Here are some of the most common:
Physical Examination
During a physical examination, a veterinarian will look for any signs of illness or injury that may be causing the blue tongue. They may also check the dog’s gums, as well as other areas of the mouth, to see if there are any abnormalities.
Blood Tests
Blood tests can be used to check for a variety of different health issues, including infections, anemia, and liver or kidney problems. If a veterinarian suspects that one of these conditions may be causing the dog’s blue tongue, they may recommend a blood test.
Imaging Tests
Imaging tests, such as X-rays or ultrasounds, can be used to look for any abnormalities in the dog’s organs or other internal structures. This can help to identify any underlying health issues that may be causing the blue tongue.
It’s important to note that a blue tongue in a dog doesn’t necessarily mean that there is a serious health issue present. In some cases, it may simply be a benign condition. However, it’s always best to have your dog checked out by a veterinarian to rule out any potential health problems.
Treatment and Management
Emergency Care
If you notice that your dog’s tongue has turned blue, you should take them to the vet immediately. This can be a sign of a serious medical emergency, such as a lack of oxygen or circulation. Your vet will be able to determine the underlying cause and provide appropriate treatment.
In the meantime, you can help your dog by keeping them calm and comfortable. Make sure they have access to fresh water and a cool, quiet place to rest. Avoid giving them any food or medication without consulting your vet first.
Long-Term Management
Once your dog has received emergency care, your vet will work with you to develop a long-term management plan. This may include medications, lifestyle changes, or other treatments to address the underlying cause of their blue tongue.
In some cases, there may be no specific treatment required, but you will need to monitor your dog’s health closely and bring them in for regular check-ups. Your vet may also recommend certain preventive measures, such as regular exercise and a healthy diet, to help keep your dog healthy.
Remember, a blue tongue is not a normal or healthy condition for your dog. If you notice any changes in their tongue color or behavior, it’s important to seek veterinary care right away. With prompt treatment and ongoing management, you can help ensure your dog stays healthy and happy.
Prevention of A Cyanotic Tongue in Dogs
Preventing blue tongue in dogs is possible through proper care and attention. Here are some ways to prevent blue tongue in dogs:
Regular veterinary checkups
Regular checkups can help detect and treat heart and breathing problems that can lead to blue tongue in dogs. Make sure to schedule regular appointments with your veterinarian to keep your dog’s dental health in check.
Proper diet
Feeding your dog a balanced diet can help prevent blue tongue in dogs. Make sure to provide your dog with a diet that is rich in vitamins and minerals.
Avoid toxic substances
Keep your dog away from toxic substances such as cleaning chemicals, pesticides, and certain foods that can cause blue tongue in dogs.
Regular exercise
Regular exercise can help keep your dog healthy and reduce the risk of a dog not having enough oxygen in their blood.
Maintain proper hydration
Make sure your dog has access to clean drinking water at all times. Dehydration can lead to a variety of health problems, including blue tongue in dogs.
By following these simple steps, you can help prevent blue tongue in dogs and keep your furry friend healthy and happy.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What causes a dog’s tongue to turn blue?
A dog’s tongue may turn blue due to a lack of oxygen in their blood. This condition is called cyanosis and can be caused by a variety of factors such as heart or lung disease, respiratory distress, or poisoning.
Is cyanosis in dogs dangerous?
Yes, cyanosis in dogs can be a sign of a serious underlying health condition and should be evaluated by a veterinarian as soon as possible.
What are the symptoms of cyanosis in dogs?
In addition to a blue tongue, other symptoms of cyanosis in dogs may include difficulty breathing, coughing, wheezing, lethargy, and loss of appetite.
How is cyanosis in dogs diagnosed?
A veterinarian may diagnose cyanosis in dogs through a physical examination, blood tests, and imaging studies such as X-rays or ultrasounds.
Can cyanosis in dogs be treated?
Treatment for cyanosis in dogs depends on the underlying cause. If a heart or lung condition is identified, medication or surgery may be necessary. In cases of poisoning, prompt treatment to remove the toxin from the dog’s system may be necessary.
What breeds of dogs have spotted tongues?
Several breeds of dogs have spotted tongues, including the Chow Chow, Shar Pei, and Australian Cattle Dog. This is a normal variation in pigmentation and is not related to cyanosis.
Conclusion
In conclusion, while it is true that some dogs may have blue tongues, it is not a reliable indicator of any specific breed or health condition. It is simply a normal variation in pigmentation that occurs in some dogs.
It is important to note that blue tongues in dogs are not the same as blue gums, which can be a sign of cyanosis or lack of oxygen in the blood. If you notice any unusual discoloration in your dog’s mouth, it is always best to consult with a veterinarian.
Overall, the color of a dog’s tongue is just one of many unique characteristics that make them such fascinating and beloved companions. Whether their tongues are pink, blue, or somewhere in between, we can all agree that dogs are truly amazing animals.
Meet Your Experts
Author
Tamsin de la Harpe has nearly two decades of experience with dogs in rescue, training, and behavior modification with fearful and aggressive dogs. She has worked closely with veterinarians and various kennels, building up extensive medical knowledge and an understanding of canine health and physiology. She also spent two years in the animal sciences as a canine nutrition researcher, focusing on longevity and holistic healthcare for our four-legged companions. Tamsin currently keeps a busy homestead with an assortment of rescue dogs and three Bullmastiffs.