Dog vomiting white foam is a common concern among dog owners. It is normal for dogs to vomit occasionally, but when it becomes frequent or accompanied by other symptoms, it may indicate an underlying health issue.
Vomiting typically indicates a gut problem. So, changes like high-quality diets and introducing probiotics can make a huge difference to your dog’s foamy vomit. However, other instances require medical intervention, depending on the severity of the symptoms.
Monitoring their behavior and symptoms is essential if a dog is vomiting white foam. Persistent vomiting accompanied by other symptoms, such as lethargy or loss of appetite, needs veterinary care. We’ve consulted expert veterinary sources like Canine and Feline Gastroenterology for a complete dog white-foam vomit guide.
So, Why Is My Dog Vomiting White Foam?
Dogs vomiting white foam means that air combines with saliva and secretions in the throat or stomach to make a mucusy or dense foam. The white foam is because there isn’t food in their stomach to be digested, making their body produce more saliva. Causes include gastrointestinal issues like inflammation or infection, kennel cough, toxins, and severe conditions like kidney or liver disease and bloat.
Dogs can also vomit white foam when coughing, gagging, dry heaving, or drooling heavily. The force of the air through the airways can cause contents and other liquids to aerate with bubbles. This causes foaming at the mouth, which we’ve covered extensively in our linked article.
It is important to note that vomiting white foam can also indicate a more serious underlying condition, such as gastrointestinal issues, kidney disease, liver disease, or pancreatitis. Dogs showing other symptoms, such as lethargy, loss of appetite, or diarrhea, need veterinary care.
Possible Causes of White Foam Vomiting
When a dog vomits (emesis) white foam, it is usually because there’s nothing in the stomach or they have excessive stomach acid. When the stomach is empty, the saliva mixes with air and other secretions in the throat and stomach, resulting in white foam. Sometimes the foam is yellow from stomach bile and it often has grass. This is because nauseous dogs often eat grass to force themselves to vomit.
Luckily, experts show that most dogs with vomiting recover eventually, with over 95% of dogs vomiting not having to have surgery. The following are the causes of white foam vomiting in dogs.
1. Dietary Indiscretion
Dietary indiscretion is one of the most common reasons dogs vomit white foam. Dogs are known for their love of eating anything they can get their paws on, but some things can cause problems. Eating foreign objects like toys, socks, sticks, or bones can cause blockages in the digestive tract, leading to vomiting.
When dogs eat something foreign to their digestive system, their body reacts by trying to expel it through vomiting. The white foam produced is a mixture of stomach acid and mucus secreted to protect the stomach lining from the irritants. Other signs like stomach gurgling, different-colored poop, and refusing to eat are also common.
If a dog has vomited white foam due to dietary indiscretion, it is recommended to withhold food for 12-24 hours to allow the stomach to settle. After this period, small amounts of bland food can be offered, such as boiled chicken and rice. Our article on what to feed your dog after vomiting is a valuable tool after your dog waits the recommended hours.
2. Indigestion
Indigestion occurs when the stomach is unable to digest food properly. This can happen due to eating something that doesn’t agree with the dog’s stomach. Indigestion differs from dietary indiscretion because it doesn’t necessarily mean the dog ate something they shouldn’t have.
Even normal dog food can cause indigestion in dogs with sensitive stomachs. Additionally, certain types of human food and food with spices can cause an upset tummy. To prevent this, owners should monitor their dogs’ behavior after eating a particular food.
3. Kennel Cough
Kennel cough, also known as infectious tracheobronchitis, is a respiratory disease that affects dogs. It is highly contagious and is spread through the air or direct contact with an infected dog. The disease is caused by a combination of bacteria and viruses, including Bordetella bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza virus.
The symptoms of kennel cough include a persistent dry cough, sneezing, runny nose, and fever. Experts show that more than 70% of dogs with kennel cough suffer respiratory distress, causing foaming at the mouth as a result.
Kennel cough is most commonly seen in dogs housed in close quarters, such as kennels, shelters, and boarding facilities. However, any dog can contract the disease, especially if they come into contact with an infected dog.
4. Toxins & Poisons
Many household items like cleaning products, pesticides, antifreeze, and human medications can be toxic to dogs. It is essential to keep these items out of reach of dogs to prevent accidental ingestion.
Additionally, some toxic plants such as lilies, azaleas, and daffodils and toxic foods like chocolate, caffeine, grapes, and onions can also lead to vomiting, diarrhea, and even fatality when ingested.
5. Bloat
Bloat, also known as gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV), is a life-threatening condition that can occur in dogs. It is most commonly seen in large and giant breeds like Great Danes and German Shepherds but can occur in any dog breed.
Bloat occurs when the stomach fills with gas and twists on itself, causing a blockage of the blood supply to the stomach and other organs. Research such as a University of Mississippi study placed bloat fatality at more than 10 to 33%.
Symptoms of bloat include:
- Restlessness;
- Abdominal distension;
- Unproductive vomiting;
- Excessive drooling;
- Rapid breathing; and
- Weakness or collapse.
If left untreated, bloat can be fatal within hours. If you suspect that your dog is experiencing bloat, it is essential to seek veterinary care immediately.
The exact cause of bloat is not known, but there are several factors that may contribute to its development. These include:
- Eating too quickly;
- Eating a large meal;
- Exercise after eating;
- Stress or anxiety; and
- Genetics.
Preventing bloat involves several strategies, including feeding multiple smaller meals throughout the day, avoiding exercise for at least an hour after eating, and providing your dog with a calm and stress-free environment. In some cases, gastropexy surgery may be necessary to prevent future episodes of bloat.
6. Parvo and Other Bacterial and Viral Infections
Dogs can contract bacterial and viral infections that lead to vomiting white foam. Some of the common bacteria that can cause this symptom include Salmonella, Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Campylobacter.
On the other hand, some of the common viral infections that can cause this symptom include Parvovirus and canine distemper. White foam is a compelling parvo warning sign and must never be taken lightly, especially with other signs like vomiting, weakness, and bloody diarrhea.
According to research, Parvovirus is a deadly virus with more than 90% mortality if not treated at a hospital. Our article on parvo home treatment goes into what you can expect from treating this fatal illness at home.
7. Certain Medications
Certain medications can cause a dog to vomit white foam. Some medications can irritate the stomach lining, leading to vomiting. Other medications can cause an allergic reaction, which can also result in vomiting.
If a dog is on medication and is experiencing vomiting, it is essential to consult with a veterinarian. The veterinarian can determine if the medicine is the cause of the vomiting and can recommend alternativ-e-archive medications or adjust the dosage.
Some common medications that can cause vomiting in dogs include:
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen;
- Antibiotics, such as penicillin and tetracycline;
- Chemotherapy drugs;
- Heart medications, such as digoxin and enalapril; and
- Steroids, such as prednisone.
8. Internal Parasites
Internal parasites, such as roundworms, hookworms, and whipworms, can cause vomiting in dogs. These parasites can be contracted through contaminated soil, feces, or infected animals.
Symptoms of internal parasites in dogs include vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, and a dull coat. If left untreated, these parasites can cause serious health problems, such as anemia and malnutrition.
9. Pancreatitis
Pancreatitis is a condition that occurs when the pancreas becomes inflamed. The pancreas is an organ that produces digestive enzymes and hormones that regulate blood sugar levels. When the pancreas becomes inflamed, it can cause foamy vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain in dogs.
Pancreatitis can be acute or chronic. Acute pancreatitis is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas caused by various factors, including high-fat diets, trauma, and certain medications. Chronic pancreatitis is a long-term pancreas inflammation that can lead to permanent damage.
10. Kidney Disease
The kidneys filter waste products from the blood and remove excess water from the body. When the kidneys are not functioning properly, toxins can build up in the bloodstream, leading to a range of health problems.
Symptoms of kidney disease in dogs can include:
- Vomiting;
- Loss of appetite;
- Weight loss;
- Increased thirst and frequent urination;
- Lethargy;
- Bad breath;
- Pale gums; and
- Dehydration.
If left untreated, kidney disease can lead to kidney failure, which can be fatal. Therefore, it is crucial to seek veterinary care if you suspect your dog may be suffering from kidney disease.
11. Liver Disease
Liver disease can cause vomiting in dogs, and it is vital to identify the underlying cause of the problem. The liver is also responsible for processing toxins in the body.
Some common liver diseases that can cause vomiting in dogs include hepatitis, cirrhosis, and cancer. In addition to vomiting, dogs with liver disease may also experience other symptoms, such as loss of appetite, weight loss, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes).
12. Heart Disease
Heart disease is a condition that affects the heart’s ability to pump blood effectively. Dogs with heart disease may have an enlarged heart, which can put pressure on the lungs and cause fluid to build up in the chest and cause foaming in the mouth.
13. Stress
Stress can be a significant factor contributing to vomiting white foam in dogs. Expert sources show that stress causes anorexia nervosa, decreasing appetite and food intake. Stress can lead to increased stomach acid production, which can result in vomiting white foam.
When a dog becomes stressed, it can cause various physical and emotional symptoms, including vomiting. Stress can be caused by a variety of factors, including changes in routine, new environments, loud noises, and separation anxiety.
14. Heat
Heat exhaustion or heat stroke can cause a dog to vomit white foam. Heatstroke occurs when a dog’s body temperature rises above 104°F (40°C) and can lead to severe complications if left untreated.
Dogs left in hot cars, kept in hot environments, or over-exerted in hot weather are at risk of heat exhaustion or heatstroke. Symptoms of heatstroke include excessive panting, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, and collapse.
If a dog is suspected of suffering from heat exhaustion or heatstroke, it is vital to take immediate action. The following measures can be taken to help cool the dog down:
- Move the dog to a cool, shaded area;
- Offer the dog fresh water to drink;
- Place cool, wet towels on the dog’s head, neck, and chest;
- Use a fan to help circulate air around the dog; and
- Seek veterinary attention immediately.
It is important to note that prevention is key when it comes to heat exhaustion and heatstroke. Dogs should never be left in hot cars and should always have access to shade and fresh water when outside in hot weather. Exercise should also be limited during the hottest parts of the day.
15. Pregnancy and Hormonal Changes
Pregnancy and hormonal changes can cause a dog to vomit white foam. During pregnancy, hormonal changes can cause the dog’s digestive system to slow down, leading to a buildup of stomach acid. This can result in vomiting white foam.
Additionally, hormonal changes can cause a dog’s body to produce excess mucus. This mucus can irritate the stomach lining, leading to vomiting. Pregnant dogs may also experience morning sickness, which can cause vomiting.
16. Gastritis and Gastroenteritis
Gastritis and gastroenteritis can cause a dog to produce white foam in its mouth. Gastritis is inflammation of the stomach lining, resulting from various factors like dietary indiscretion or infections, while gastroenteritis involves inflammation of the stomach and intestines. Both conditions can lead to stomach upset, nausea, and vomiting blood.
17. Intestinal Obstruction
Intestinal obstruction occurs when something blocks the flow of food through the intestines. It can be caused by various factors, including foreign objects, tumors, and intussusception (part of the intestine slides into another). Dogs with intestinal obstruction may vomit white foam, as they try to cough out the foreign object.
18. Various Cancers
Cancer is one of the potential causes of vomiting white foam in dogs. Some cancers that could cause white foam in the vomit include gastric, liver, pancreatic, and lymphoma cancer, which shows as lumps in the neck.
Symptoms to Watch For: How Do I Know If My Dog Vomiting White Foam Is Serious?
When a dog vomits white foam, it can be concerning for pet owners. While it’s not always a cause for alarm, there are some symptoms to watch for that can indicate a more serious underlying issue.
Frequency of Vomiting
One symptom to watch for is the frequency of vomiting. If a dog is vomiting white foam repeatedly, it could be a sign of an obstruction in the digestive tract or other serious health issues.
Additionally, it’s important to seek veterinary attention if a dog is vomiting along with other symptoms such as lethargy, loss of appetite, or diarrhea.
Color and Consistency of the Vomit
Another symptom to watch for is the color and consistency of the vomit. If the vomit is yellow or green, it could indicate the presence of bile, which can be a sign of a more serious issue.
Additionally, if the vomit has a foul odor or contains blood, it’s essential to seek veterinary attention immediately.
Behavioral Changes
If a dog is lethargic, unresponsive, or in pain, it could signify a more serious underlying issue. Additionally, a dog refusing food or water is an immediate red flag.
What Can I Give My Dog For Vomiting Up White Foam?
There are some things you can do to help your dog feel better and reduce vomiting, as follows:
Offer Water
One of the first things you can do is to offer your dog water. It is crucial to keep your dog hydrated, especially if they have been vomiting. You can offer small amounts of water frequently to avoid further stomach irritation. However, if the water causes the dog to continue vomiting, withhold it for only 4 to 6 hours.
Withhold Food
If your dog has been vomiting, you should withhold food for at least 12-24 hours. This will give the stomach time to rest and recover. After this period, you can start offering small amounts of bland food such as boiled chicken and rice.
Probiotics
Probiotics can help to restore the balance of good bacteria in the gut, which can help to reduce vomiting.
Anti-Nausea Medications
Sometimes, your veterinarian may prescribe anti-nausea medications to help reduce vomiting. These medications can help control nausea and vomiting, and they may also help stimulate appetite. However, it is important to follow your veterinarian’s instructions and dosage recommendations carefully.
Home Remedies
There are some home remedies that you can try to help reduce vomiting in your dog. These include:
- Ginger: Ginger has natural anti-inflammatory properties and can help reduce nausea and vomiting. You can give your dog a small amount of ginger root or ginger tea to help soothe their stomach.
- Fennel seeds or fennel tea can be beneficial for dogs with upset stomachs. It can help reduce gas and bloating.
- Chamomile: Chamomile has natural calming properties and can help soothe an upset stomach. You can give your dog a small amount of chamomile tea to help reduce vomiting.
Diagnosis and Tests For Dogs Vomiting White Foam
A veterinarian will begin the diagnostic process by conducting a physical examination of the dog and taking a detailed medical history from the owner.
During the physical examination, the veterinarian will evaluate the dog’s vital signs, including body temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate. They will also examine the dog’s abdomen for any signs of pain or discomfort. Additionally, the veterinarian may perform blood work, urinalysis, and fecal analysis to check for any abnormalities.
Imaging tests such as X-rays, ultrasounds, or endoscopy may also be necessary to diagnose the underlying cause of the vomiting. These tests can help identify any obstructions, foreign bodies, or tumors that may be present in the gastrointestinal tract.
If the veterinarian suspects the vomiting may be due to an underlying disease or condition, they may recommend further testing, such as a biopsy or culture of the affected tissue or organ.
In some cases, the cause of the vomiting may not be apparent, and the veterinarian may recommend more advanced testing, such as an MRI or CT scan, to identify any underlying issues.
Dog Vomiting with White Foam Treatment Options
If the home remedies above do not work or if the vomiting is severe, veterinary intervention may be necessary. Some of the most common veterinary interventions include:
- Fluid Therapy: If the dog is dehydrated, fluid therapy may be necessary to rehydrate the dog and restore electrolyte balance.
- Antiemetics: These medications can help reduce vomiting and nausea in dogs.
- Endoscopy: If a foreign body or other obstruction causes the vomiting, endoscopy may be necessary to spot the object for the vet to remove it.
- Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove obstructions or tumors that are causing the vomiting.
It is important to note that any treatment should be done under the guidance of a veterinarian. Self-medicating or delaying treatment can lead to serious complications.
Prevention Strategies For Dogs Throwing Up White Foam
Regular Exercise
However, note that excessive exercise has been shown to increase vomiting, gastric ulceration, and diarrhea, so proceed mindfully.
Healthy Diet
Avoid feeding your dog table scraps or human food, which can upset their stomach. Also, make sure your dog has access to clean water at all times.
Regular Check-Ups
Avoid Stressful Situations
Preventing Ingestion of Foreign Objects
By following these simple prevention strategies, you can help keep your dog healthy and prevent them from vomiting white foam.
When to Consult a Vet
Dog vomiting white foam can be a sign of a severe underlying condition. While some cases of vomiting can be resolved with simple home remedies, others require immediate medical attention. As a responsible pet owner, knowing when to consult a vet is essential.
Here are some signs that indicate a need for veterinary attention:
- Frequent vomiting;
- Blood in vomit;
- Lethargy;
- Diarrhea;
- Loss of appetite; and
- Abdominal pain that could signify a bloat.
If you notice any of these signs, it is essential to consult a vet as soon as possible. Early intervention can help prevent serious health complications and improve your dog’s chances of recovery.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What are the common causes of a dog vomiting white foam and diarrhea?
Why is my dog shaking and vomiting white foam?
Why is my dog throwing up white foam in the morning?
What are the possible reasons for a dog vomiting yellow foam?
Can a pregnant dog vomiting white foam be a sign of a problem?
What should I do if my dog is throwing up white mucus and not eating?
Why would a dog vomit white foam and refuse to eat for two days?
Why is my dog throwing up thick white foam at night?
Why is my senior dog vomiting white foam?
Final Thoughts
A dog vomiting white foam can be a concerning issue for pet owners. It is vital to monitor the frequency and duration of the vomiting, as well as any other accompanying symptoms. If the vomiting persists or is accompanied by other symptoms such as lethargy, loss of appetite, or diarrhea, it is recommended to seek veterinary care immediately.
Meet Your Experts
Author
Tamsin de la Harpe has nearly two decades of experience with dogs in rescue, training, and behavior modification with fearful and aggressive dogs. She has worked closely with veterinarians and various kennels, building up extensive medical knowledge and an understanding of canine health and physiology. She also spent two years in the animal sciences as a canine nutrition researcher, focusing on longevity and holistic healthcare for our four-legged companions. Tamsin currently keeps a busy homestead with an assortment of rescue dogs and three Bullmastiffs.